Turkish
foreign policy in the last few years has become something wondrous to behold.
It really has. Before the rise of the ruling Justice and Development Party the
country’s foreign policy was somewhat predictable and, well, boring. Highly educated,
multi-lingual diplomats worked quietly and professionally to promote the
interests of Turkey within the solidly western oriented framework of Ataturk’s
republic. No more. Now the country’s foreign policy is firmly in the hands of
the prime minister. Zig-zagging from the Middle East to Africa and back again
to central Asia – with scarcely a glance at the European Union – Prime Minister
Tayyip Erdoğan is desperately seeking a seat at the high table of global
affairs. With all this frantic activity -- including opening several new embassies,
seeking potential new alliances, and aggressively expanding the national
airline’s route network -- it is perhaps
only natural to find a hefty portion of hypocrisy and bombast.
Take
the recent events in the hitherto little known African country of Mali.
Threatened with radical Islamic insurgents, the government of Mali requested
French military assistance. Supported by the United Nations, the Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and most of the Western world the
French sent a military force to help the government. This annoyed Erdoğan and
Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu greatly. Why the detested French of all people? Ignoring the deep linguistic, diplomatic and
commercial ties between France and many West African countries, not to mention
the UN and African states’ approval, Turkey complained that the former colonial
power should not intervene. Perhaps the prime minister was miffed because none
of Turkey’s former colonies has asked Turkey for armed assistance. Turkish
media hinted darkly that the real goal
of the French was to exploit the natural resources of the region, as if
Turkey’s new best friend China was not already exploiting African resources on
a major scale all over the continent. As
in the case of Libya, however, this initial opposition can soon turn to
approval once it becomes clear which way the wind is blowing.
 |
| Should these be Turkish troops? |
The
prime minister’s dislike for the European Union is well known. He is angry at
the long delay in Turkey’s admission to the club and resents continuing EU
criticisms of things like Turkey’s human rights record, abuse of the
journalists, and a dysfunctional judicial system. His cronies made a big point
of publicly throwing the latest highly critical EU ‘progress’ report into the
trash bin and saying that they will come out with the Ankara proposals –
whatever they may be.
Now,
as if to show the EU that it is not the only game in town, Erdoğan has said
perhaps Turkey should join something called the Shanghai Five. For those not
familiar with this particular grouping (actually six countries), it is a loose alliance of authoritarian
regimes and includes Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, and Tajikistan – the
greater part of Central Asia. Turkish papers report Erdoğan suggesting to
Russian President Vladimir Putin that Turkey could say farewell to the EU and
join this group. From Erdoğan’s point of view this grouping has certain obvious
attractions. No one is going to write scathing reports about such issues human
rights, for example. Erdoğan’s distaste of journalists with their annoying questions
is shared by the other Shanghai Five leaders.
 |
| At least the Shanghai Five do not ask annoying questions |
While
the desire to thumb his nose at the EU is understandable, his rush to join this
clique of autocrats does present a couple of problems. One is the sticky issue
of NATO – of which Turkey happens to be a member. According to the American
think-tank Brookings Institute the Shanghai Five can also be construed as a
group that would like to limit the power of the United States. The prime
minister’s desire to join such a group could be tricky to explain during his
next meeting with President Obama just as NATO is installing Patriot missiles
in Turkey to guard against threats from the East and South.
One
sad result of all this foreign policy noise is to divert attention from some of
the serious, long term issues that negatively impact the Turkish economy. In arecent article Prof. Güven Sak of Ankara University noted that Turkey lags way
behind others in attracting major high technology investment. “Turkey is considered a good pharmaceutical
customer – not a manufacturer.” He added that some of the reasons for this
failure to attract more high tech manufacturing can be seen in the results of
the Global Competitiveness Report.
Between 2006 – 2012 this report said the ranking of Turkey’s judicial
system declined from 56th to 83rd place. The tax regime
declined from 95th to 117th place. And, perhaps most
important of all, the education system declined from 58th to 74th
place.
One
can understand the prime minister’s preference for foreign policy. It is so much easier and satisfying to jet
around the world lecturing others on what they should or should not be doing rather than dealing constructively with these difficult,
long-term structural problems at home
